Understanding plant breeding techniques is crucial for selecting and propagating superior plant varieties. Haploid breeding is one of the commonly used methods in plant breeding. So, what are its principles? The details are as follows:
What is the principle behind haploid breeding?
The principle of haploid breeding is chromosome variation. That is, haploid plants are induced using plant tissue culture technology, and then the chromosome set is doubled through some means (such as treatment with colchicine ), thereby restoring the plant to a normal chromosome number.
What are the methods of plant breeding?
1. Mutation breeding
The principle of mutation breeding is gene mutation. That is, it uses radiation-induced mutation, laser-induced mutation, chemical-induced mutation, and space (radiation, weightlessness) to induce mutations in order to select and breed new varieties.
2. Hybrid breeding
The principle of hybridization breeding is gene recombination. That is, the superior traits of two or more varieties are combined through mating, and then new varieties are obtained through selection and breeding.
3. Polyploid breeding
The principle of polyploid breeding is chromosome variation. That is, by using artificial mutagenesis or natural variation, polyploid breeding materials are obtained by doubling the number of chromosomes in cells.
4. Genetic engineering breeding
Genetic engineering breeding, also known as transgenic breeding, is based on gene recombination. That is, it uses genetic engineering technology to directionally alter the traits of organisms.
5. Cell engineering breeding
The principle of cell engineering breeding is plant somatic cell hybridization and nuclear transfer. It mainly refers to breeding methods that utilize techniques such as anther tissue culture, protoplast culture, somatic cell fusion and hybridization.
